Emodin basic situation overview
Emodin is the dried rhizome and root of Polygonaceae. Rhizome of palmatophyllum rhubarb, plant type agent. Emodin's physiological activity determines that it can be used not only for medical treatment, but also for health care and daily chemicals, such as some people use it in hair care and skin care products, and some people weave it into natural pigments. Abroad, people use it as a laxative.
Pharmacological effect
Emodin can be used as a laxative, although it has purgative activity, but because the body is easy to be destroyed by oxidation, in fact, the purgative effect is very weak, such as combining with sugar into glycosides, it can play a purgative role. Emodin 1-O-β-D-glucoside and emodin 8-o-β-D-glucoside are emodin and glucose binding glycosides, but the two binding position is different, exist in rhubarb at the same time. There are also antibacterial, cough, anti-tumor, blood pressure.
1. Anti-tumor activity
Emodin has inhibitory effects on mouse solid sarcoma S-180, mouse liver cancer, breast cancer, ascites cancer, lymphosarcoma, melanoma and rat Wacker tumor and lung cancer A-549, the inhibitory rate is more than 30%. The inhibition rate of melanoma growth in mice was 73% at 50mg/kg daily -1 dose. The inhibition rate of breast cancer in mice at 75mg/kg daily -1 dose was 45%. Emodin can prolong the survival of P388 leukemia mice, and the prolongation rate is more than 40%. One of its mechanisms of action is to inhibit the biosynthesis of DNA, RNA and protein of cancer cells and inhibit the oxidative dehydrogenation of cancer cells.
2. Anti-microbial growth effect
Emodin can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus 209P, Streptococcus, Bacillus diphtheriae, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus paratyphi, Bacillus dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus influenzae, pneumococcus, catarrhal, etc. It has a strong inhibitory effect on common clinical anaerobic bacteria. Its MIC is slightly higher than metronidazole, and the growth of 76% to 91% of anaerobic bacteria can be inhibited at 8μg/ml. The mechanism of emodin antibacterial action is related to the inhibition of electron transfer in mitochondrial respiratory chain, the inhibition of respiration and the oxidation and dehydrogenation of intermediate products of amino acid, sugar and protein metabolism. The end result of inhibiting nucleic acid and protein synthesis is that bacterial growth is suppressed.
3. Immunosuppressive effect
Intraperitoneal injection of emodin at a dose of 70mg/kg can inhibit the production of antibodies, inhibit the ability of carbon clearance, reduce the weight of immune organs, reduce the number of white blood cells, and reduce the phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophages. The [3H]-TdR and [3H]-Urd involved lymphocytes were significantly inhibited at 10mg/ml in vitro. Emodin has a strong inhibitory effect on intestinal spasm induced by acetylcholine in isolated rats, which is about 4 times.
4. Emodin also has an obvious cough suppressant effect.
Effects on the cardiovascular system Emodin has excitatory effects on the heart of isolated toad in small doses, but has inhibitory effects in large doses. Emodin also has antihypertensive effects.
5 Diuretic effect
Emodin can increase sodium and potassium content in urine, promote ureteral peristalsis, and increase urine volume.
6. Effect on histamine
Emodin administration at 10μg/kg could restore the histamine content in intestinal mucosa to normal level, but had no effect on the histamine content in blood.
Emodin is an inhibitor of 5-lipoxyase, which can inhibit the synthesis of LTB4 in human polynucleated leukocytes and whole blood, but has no inhibitory effect on the synthesis of PGE2. Emodin can inhibit the transport of sodium and potassium ions from the intestinal lumen to cells, so that water is retained in the intestinal lumen, stimulate the large intestine, promote its peristalsis, and thus play a purging role, but the role is weak..
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